Vector analysis
• Two sets of vector analysis tools in ArcToolBox
o For shapefile, feature class, table
o For coverage
• Extract (clip, select, split), Overlay (erase, identify, intersect, union, update), Proximity (buffer, near, point distance, thiessen polygon)

Raster analysis

• Spatial Analyst Tools (includes groundwater and hydrology tools) and Spatial Analyst extension
• Mapping distance (straight line, allocation function, cost weighted distance, shortest path), mapping density, surface analysis, statistics (cell, neighborhood, zonal), reclassification, raster calculator, vector and raster conversion, hydrology and watershed

Spatial statistics

• Spatial Statistics Tool for vector data and to help asses patterns, trends, and relationships
• Measuring geographic distribution (where is the center), analyzing patterns (random, clustered, or dispersed? Global calculations), mapping clusters (local calculations, hot spot).