Open-source GIS packages can be provided at no cost but usually more effort is required for the installation and for the development of customized applications related to commercial GIS. Moreover documentation and user support is not enough.
MAPSERVER and GRASS GIS are selected among the existing open-source GIS tools to be presented in the current report [...]

Geo-information
Cartography and GIS are increasing its role in many applications, in particular many info-mobility applications are based on LBS- Location Based Services. The main technical problem is the availability of GIS information on small and portable terminals by Internet network. The communication problem are solving by the W3C’s Mobile Access Activity that is working to [...]

ARC-GIS
ArcGIS is a family of software products that form a complete GIS built on industry standards that provide exceptional, yet easy to use, capabilities right out of the box. ArcGIS is a complete, single, integrated system for geographic data creation, management, integration, and analysis.
ArcGIS is designed as a scalable system that can be deployed in [...]